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- <text id=90TT1734>
- <title>
- July 02, 1990: This Time They Cheered
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 02, 1990 Nelson Mandela:A Hero In America
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MUSIC, Page 54
- This Time They Cheered
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Philip Glass's minimalist trilogy triumphs in Stuttgart
- </p>
- <p>By Michael Walsh
- </p>
- <p> In 1976 a sassy new music called minimalism burst out of the
- lofts of Manhattan's SoHo district and marched smartly uptown
- to the Metropolitan Opera House. Part rock, part raga, part
- dreamscape and part photo-realism, the minimalist ethos was
- distilled by composer Philip Glass and theater artist Robert
- Wilson in a 4 1/2-hour operatic extravaganza called Einstein
- on the Beach. The sung text consisted solely of numbers and the
- syllables do, re, mi, etc., while the music was built from a
- series of simple phrases, insistently repeated. The effect was
- either riveting or maddening, depending on one's point of
- view. But few could deny that a powerful new movement had been
- born.
- </p>
- <p> Glass went on to add Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984)
- to Einstein to form a trilogy of music dramas. Last week in
- West Germany, Stuttgart's State Theater held what amounted to
- a minimalist retrospective by staging all three as a complete
- cycle for the first time. For Glass, for Stuttgart and for new
- music, the cycle made for three extraordinary evenings in the
- theater. It was also, in a curious way, a farewell to a style
- that has changed the face of modern opera.
- </p>
- <p> It may seem premature to write minimalism's obituary. After
- all, the prolific Glass has created several more music-theater
- pieces since Akhnaten, most recently The Hydrogen Jukebox, a
- collaboration with poet Allen Ginsburg. Among other exponents
- of minimalism, composer John Adams (Nixon in China) is busily
- at work on his second opera, The Death of Klinghoffer, which
- is scheduled for a Brussels premiere next year. Yet neither
- composer is still writing in the rigorously theoretical,
- disdainfully austere style of his early years.
- </p>
- <p> In any case, the real test of a movement is not how long it
- lasts but what it leaves behind. The Glass trilogy, especially
- its masterpiece Satyagraha, will survive in memory and
- repertoire. As heard on successive nights at Stuttgart, it is
- an overwhelming experience, a kind of modern Ring cycle whose
- components make their effect both individually and
- collectively.
- </p>
- <p> Each of the three operas, brilliantly staged by German
- director and designer Achim Freyer, offers a penetrating
- portrait of a man whose life changed the ways in which humanity
- looks at the world: Einstein, the scientist and amateur
- musician; Gandhi, the inspirational political leader
- (Satyagraha was the term for his nonviolent resistance
- movement); and Akhnaten, the putatively monotheistic Pharaoh.
- Each work is linked musically as well, with motifs from
- Einstein popping up in the later operas.
- </p>
- <p> Freyer's is a largely bleak view of the operas' worlds. The
- evil courtiers who overthrow Akhnaten are costumed as devils
- and bestial thugs; Gandhi's followers, beaten by police near
- the opera's close, look like refugees from Night of the Living
- Dead. Yet there are stage pictures of surpassing beauty too,
- as when Akhnaten's domestic life is represented by a giant
- suspended wheel in which sit, friezelike, the Pharaoh and his
- six identical daughters. Almost unfailingly, Freyer has found
- an image to match the mood of the music, and it is in such
- audio-visual synthesis that true opera lies.
- </p>
- <p> Six years ago, at the Akhnaten premiere, half the audience
- booed vociferously. This time all three operas were greeted
- with prolonged ovations. The spectators were cheering Glass,
- Freyer and the performers, of course, particularly Paul
- Esswood's radiant Akhnaten and Leo Goeke's heroic Gandhi. But
- even more, they were cheering the triumph of a style that, only
- a few years ago, was bitterly controversial. And perhaps
- bidding it goodbye as well.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-